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Lean software development의 원칙 중 하나

Integrity in complex systems requires a deep expertise in many diverse areas. One of the most intractable problems with product development is that experts in any area (e.g., database or GUI) have a tendency to maximize the performance of the part of the product representing their own specialty rather than focusing on overall system performance. Quite often, the common good suffers if people attend first to their own specialized interests. When individuals or organizations are measured on their specialized contribution rather than overall performance, suboptimization is likely to result. This problem is even more pronounced when two organizations contract with each other, because people will naturally want to maximize the performance of their own company. It is challenging to implement practices that avoid suboptimization in a large organization, and it is an order of magnitude more difficult when contracts are involved. —Introduction, Lean software development (book)