Phrenology

프란츠 조지프 갈이 제안한 이론. 사이비 과학이지만 뇌의 기능국지설을 주장한 최초의 이론이기도 하다.

다음 세 가지를 주장.

• All behevior emanated from the brain.
• Particular regions of the cerebral cortex controlled specific functions. Gall asserted that the cerebral cortex did not act as a single organ but was divided into at least 35 organs (others were added later), each corresponding to a specific mental faculty.
• The center for each mental function grew with use, much as a muscle bulks up with exercise. As each center grew, it purportedly caused the overlying skull to bulge, creating a pattern of bumps and ridges on the skull that indicated which brain regions were most developed.

Rather than looking within the brain, Gall sought to establish an anatomical basis for describing character traits by correlating the personality of individuals with the bumps on their skulls.