# Three products of evolution

> 진화심리학에서는 진화 과정이 다음과 같은 세 가지 산물을 만들어낸다고 말한다:

[진화심리학](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20psychology.txt)에서는 [진화](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolution.txt) 과정이 다음과 같은 세 가지 산물을 만들어낸다고 말한다:

> Three products of the evolutionary process:
>
> - [Adaptations](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20adaptation.txt): Inherited and reliably developing characteristics that came into existence throught <natural selection> because they helped to solve problems of survival or reproduction better than alternative designs existing in the population during the period of their evolution; e.g: umbilical cord.
> - [By-products](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20byproduct.txt): Characteristics that do not solve adaptive problems and do not have functional design; they are "carried along" with characteristics that do have functional design becuase they happen to be coupled with those adaptations; example: belly button.
> - Noise: Random effects produced by forces such as change mutations, sudden and unprecedented changes in the environment, or chance effects during development; example: particular shape of a person's belly button. --p39, [Evolutionary psychology (book)](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20psychology%20(book.txt))

[진화심리학](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20psychology.txt)에서는 인간 본성을 이루는 [진화적 적응](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20adaptation.txt)과 [진화적 부산물](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20byproduct.txt)을 연구한다.

> Evolutionary psychologists tend to focus on one special subclass of the adaptations that comprise human nature - psychological adaptations and the by-products of those adaptations. --p42

한편, 무엇이 적응이고 무엇이 부산물인지에 대해서는 논쟁이 있다. 예를 들어, <노암 촘스키>는 [보편 문법](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Universal%20grammar.txt)의 진화를 [진화적 부산물](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20byproduct.txt)로 보는 반면 [스티븐 핑커](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Steven%20Pinker.txt)는 [진화적 적응](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolutionary%20adaptation.txt)으로 보아야 한다고 주장한다. [예술의 진화](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Evolution%20of%20arts.txt) 문제에 있어서는 이와 반대로, 핑커가 예술은 부산물이라고 주장하고 <제프리 밀러>는 적응이라고 주장한다.