# Normalization (machine learning)

> Broadly speaking, the process of converting a variable's actual range of values into a standard range of values, such as:[^1]

Broadly speaking, the process of converting a variable's actual range of values into a standard range of values, such as:[^1]

- -1 to +1
- 0 to 1
- <Z-scores> (roughly, -3 to +3)

Normalization is a common task in [feature engineering](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Feature%20engineering.txt). Models usually train faster (and produce better predictions) when every numerical feature in the <feature vector> has roughly the same range.

## Footnotes

[^1]: https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/glossary#normalization