# Computer science

> The Theory of computation (the central area in CS) studies mathematical abstract models of the functionality of a computer, independently of the underlying concrete hardware organization. The central concepts in the theory of computationss are automata, Formal languages, Complexity theory and computability theory.

The <Theory of computation> (the central area in CS) studies mathematical abstract models of the functionality of a computer, independently of the underlying concrete hardware organization. The central concepts in the theory of computationss are <automata>, <Formal languages>, <Complexity theory> and <computability theory>.

Computer science has close ties with [mathematics](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Mathematics.txt) (is considered by many a specialized area of mathematics), <physics>, <linguistics>.

## Related fields

<Information science> is the study of data and information, including how to interpret, analyze, store, and retrieve it. Information science started as the foundation of scientific analysis of communication and [Database](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Database.txt)s.

<Computer programming> or <Software development> is the act of writing program code.

<Linguistics> is the study of languages, converging with computer science in such areas as <Programming languages> and [Natural language processing](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Natural%20language%20processing.txt).

<Software engineering> emphasizes analysis, design, construction, and testing of useful software. <Software engineering> can include development methodologies (such as the <Waterfall model> and [Extreme programming](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Extreme%20programming.txt)) and software [project management](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Project%20management.txt).

<Information systems> is the application of computing to support the operations of an organization: operating, installing, and maintaining the computers, software, and data.

<Management information systems> (MIS) is a subfield of <Information systems>, that emphasizes financial and personnel management.

[Mathematics](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Mathematics.txt) shares many techniques and topics with computer science, but is more general. In some sense, CS is the mathematics of computing.

<Logic> is a formal system of reasoning, and studies principles that lay at the very basis of computing/reasoning machines, whether it be the hardware (digital logic) or software (verification, AI etc.) levels. The subfield of logic called computability logic provides a systematic answer to the fundamental questions about what and how can be computed.

<Computer engineering> is the analysis, design, and construction of computer hardware.

<Information security> is the analysis and implementation of information system security, including <Cryptography>.

## Major fields

Mathematical foundations:

- [Boolean algebra](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Boolean%20algebra.txt)
- <Discrete mathematics>
- [Graph theory](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Graph%20theory.txt)
- <Information theory>
- <Symbolic logic>
- <Probability and statistics>

Theoretical computer science:

- <Algorithmic information theory>
- <Cryptography>
- <Theory of computation> (<Computability theory>, <Complexity theory>)
- <Logic> and meanings of programs
- <Mathematical logic> and <Formal languages>
- [Type theory](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Type%20theory.txt)
- <Programming languages>
- [Operating systems](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Operating%20systems.txt)
- <Compilers>
- <Data structures>
- <Databases>

Computing methodologies

- Symbolic and Algebraic manipulation
- [Artificial intelligence](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Artificial%20intelligence.txt)
- <Computer graphics>
- <Image processing> and [Machine vision](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Machine%20vision.txt)
- <Pattern recognition>
- <Speech recognition>
- <Simulation> and Modeling
- Document and text processing
- <Digital signal processing>

## Tools

- [Ai2 OpenScholar](https://openscholar.allen.ai/) - [LLM](https://wiki.g15e.com/pages/Large%20language%20model.txt) based Q&A serviec synthesizing 1M+ open access computer science papers.