An American researcher in [computer science](/pages/Computer%20science.txt) and <cognitive psychology> at the <RAND Corporation> and at <Carnegie Mellon University>'s School of Computer Science, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Psychology. He contributed to the Information Processing Language (1956) and two of the earliest AI programs, the Logic Theorist (1956) and the General Problem Solver (<1957>) (with <Herbert A. Simon>). He was awarded the ACM's A.M. <Turing Award> along with Herbert A. Simon in 1975 for their contributions to [artificial intelligence](/pages/Artificial%20intelligence.txt) and the psychology of human cognition.